Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2017 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: In addition to their value as livestock, pigs are susceptible to classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and can\nserve as reservoirs for CSFV, allowing it to develop into an epizootic. CSFV, a pestivirus of the Flaviviridae family, has\na single-stranded RNA genome. Recent research has indicated that the human MxA protein inhibits the life cycles\nof certain RNA viruses, such as members of the Bunyaviridae family, the Flaviviridae family and others.\nResults: To produce pigs with antiviral protection against CSFV, transgenic pigs expressing human MxA were\ngenerated by nuclear transplantation. Cells from three MxA transgenic piglets were used to investigate in vitro\nantiviral activity of MxA aganist CSFV, and the results of in vitro indirect immunofluorescence assays, virus titration\nand real-time PCR indicated that the MxA transgenic pig has an antiviral capacity against CSFV.\nConclusions: Transgene with human MxA on pigs is feasible. High levels of MxA expression do inhibit CSFV in vitro\nat early time points post-infection at 60-96dpi....
Cribbing is an oral stereotypy, tends to develop in captive animals as a means to cope with stress, and may be indicative of reduced\nwelfare.Highly energetic diets ingested in a short time are one of themost relevant risk factors for the development of cribbing. The\naim of this study was to verify whether feeding cribbing horses through a dispenser that delivers small quantities of concentrate\nwhen activated by the animal decreases cribbing behaviour, modifies feeding behaviour, or induces frustration. Ten horses (mean\nage 14 y), balanced for sex, breed, and size (mean height 162 cm),were divided into two groups of 5 horses each: Cribbing and Control.\nAnimals were trained to use the dispenser and videorecorded continuously for 15 consecutive days from 1 h prior to feeding to 2 h\nafter feeding in order to measure their behaviours. The feed dispenser, Quaryka, induced an increase in time necessary to finish\nthe ration in both groups of horses (...
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is produced by fungus of the genus Fusarium (Fusarium verticiloides and F.\nproliferatum), and occurs predominantly in maize. The consumption of feed contaminated with\nFB1 has been reported to cause deleterious effects in some fish species. This study was designed to\ndetermine the effects of dietary FB1 on growth and lipids profile of Clarias gariepinus. 450 juvenile\ncatfish were stocked into 5 groups of tanks consisting of 3 tanks per group and fed one of five diets\namended with FB1 (0.0 mg; 10.0 mg; 20.0 mg; 40.0 mg and 80.0 mg FB1/kg) for 56 days. At time\npointâ��s day 7, 14, 28 and 56, five fish were sampled from each tank weighted, length measured and\nbled for of lipids profile determinations. Results show that there was a significant reduction (P <\n0.05), in the mean body length of the fish fed diets amended with various amounts of FB1 compared\nwith those fed control diet; also, there was a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the weight\ngain of fishes fed diets amended with FB1 compared with the control. The specific growth rate and\nthe feed conversion ratio at 56 days shows fish fed 0.0 mg FB1/kg had the highest specific growth\nrate (0.39 �± 0.14%/day) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (0.59 �± 0.01) whereas, fish fed 80.0\nmg FB1/kg had the least specific growth rate (0.07% �± 0.01%/day) and the highest feed conversion\nratio (1.95 �± 0.11). Dietary FB1 caused significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum cholesterol,\nHDL-C; LDL-C; triglycerides and the sphinganine-sphingosine ratio. Dietary FB1 at an inclusion rate\n 20 mg FB1/kg of diet produced significant reduction in weight gain and hyperlipidemia marked by hypercholesterolemia, increased blood high-density lipid cholesterol, increased blood\nlow-density lipid cholesterol, elevated blood triglycerides and elevated sphinganine-sphingosine\nratio....
Background: Local anesthetics are an important component of perioperative pain management, but the duration\nof action of available products is limited. We hypothesized that a single local infiltration of a novel bupivacaine\nliposome injectable suspension (AT-003) would provide clinically effective analgesia over a 72-h period.\nIn a masked, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center pilot field study, dogs undergoing lateral retinacular\nsuture placement for cranial cruciate insufficiency were randomly assigned to surgical site infiltration with AT-003\n(5.3 mg/kg) or an equivalent volume of saline. Infiltration of the surgical site was done prior to closure. Primary\noutcome measure was the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) assessed prior to surgery and at\n2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, 54, 60 and 72 h following surgery by trained individuals. Provision for rescue analgesia was\nemployed. Repeated measures analysis of variance were utilized to test for possible differences between treatment\ngroups and a success/failure analysis was also employed, based on the need for rescue analgesia.\nResults: Forty-six dogs were enrolled and evaluated. For CMPS-SF scores there was a significant overall treatment\neffect (p = 0.0027) in favor of AT-003. There were significantly more successes in the AT-003 group compared to\nplacebo over each time period (p = 0.0001 for 0ââ?¬â??24 h, p = 0.0349 for 0ââ?¬â??48 h, and p = 0.0240 for 0-72 h). No\nsignificant adverse events were seen.\nConclusions: AT-003 (bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension) provided measurable local analgesia over a 72-h\nperiod following post-stifle surgery surgical site tissue infiltration. Further work is indicated to develop this product\nfor clinical use....
Background: Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a contagious, fatal prion disease affecting cervids in a growing\nnumber of regions across North America. Projected deer population declines and concern about potential spread of\nCWD to other species warrant strategies to manage this disease. Control efforts to date have been largely unsuccessful,\nresulting in continuing spread and increasing prevalence. This systematic review summarizes peer-reviewed published\nreports describing field-applicable CWD control strategies in wild deer populations in North America using systematic\nreview methods. Ten databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature. Following deduplication, relevance\nscreening, full-text appraisal, subject matter expert review and qualitative data extraction, nine references were\nincluded describing four distinct management strategies.\nResults: Six of the nine studies used predictive modeling to evaluate control strategies. All six demonstrated one\nor more interventions to be effective but results were dependant on parameters and assumptions used in the\nmodel. Three found preferential removal of CWD infected deer to be effective in reducing CWD prevalence; one\nmodel evaluated a test and slaughter strategy, the other selective removal of infected deer by predators and the\nthird evaluated increased harvest of the sex with highest prevalence (males). Three models evaluated non-selective\nharvest of deer. There were only three reports that examined primary data collected as part of observational studies.\nTwo of these studies supported the effectiveness of intensive non-selective culling; the third study did not find a\ndifference between areas that were subjected to culling and those that were not. Seven of the nine studies were\nconducted in the United States.\nConclusions: This review highlights the paucity of evaluated, field-applicable control strategies for CWD in wild deer\npopulations. Knowledge gaps in the complex epidemiology of CWD and the intricacies inherent to prion diseases\ncurrently pose significant challenges to effective control of this disease in wild deer in North America....
Type I interferons (IFNs) are well-known cytokines that, among their main functions,\nare key components of the host immune response against viral infections. Due to its immune\nmodulation properties, they are commonly used in the therapeutic approach of various retroviral\ninfections, namely human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV).\nIn HIV infection, it has been shown that IFN therapy limits early viral replication, particularly\nuseful on post-exposure prophylaxis. In veterinary medicine, recombinant feline interferon omega\n(rFeIFN-Ãâ?°) was the first interferon licensed for use in cats. Several studies have recently shown that\nthis compound seems to stimulate the innate immunity, decreasing clinical signs and co-infections in\nnaturally FIV-infected cats. More than summarizing the main conclusions about rFeIFN-Ãâ?° in cats,\nthis review emphasizes the immune-modulation properties of IFN therapy, opening new perspectives\nfor its use in retroviral infections. Either in FIV-infected cats or in HIV individuals, type I IFNs seem\nto induce an innate immune-modulation and should not be overlooked as a therapeutic option in\nretroviral infections....
Loading....